The Success Of The Business - 941 Words

The success of the business will be monitored monthly in the first year and quarterly in following years. The Company is fully aware that new businesses take up to a few years to start turning a profit and that the businesses could operate at a loss during that time. The financials included within the business plan have been forecasted conservatively to maintain realistic and accurate predictions. Management will also keep this in mind when evaluating the state of the business, and make adjustments as necessary to keep the business running with a positive cash flow. As the Company continues to develop and grow its focus will remain on launching a specialized hedge fund within the 3-4 years of operation. Looking ahead, as effective management tool, the time may come to exit the Company; the owners will be prepared to sell to another firm. To facilitate this potential process, Hedge Equity Investment Advisors will build a company that is transparent, sustainable and of optimal size for the company to be successfully acquired by a larger entity should the offer arise. Exclusive contracts and agreements can be transferred to new ownership should the Company be bought out by a larger online or full-service brokerage firm in the future. The next owner will fully understand the business and its profitability as part of sales negotiations. A certified accountant and tax expert will be employed to ensure the business is fit to be sold in a transparent and profitable way when thatShow MoreRelatedBusiness Success For A Business1204 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness Success in the New Normal For a business to succeed in today’s global economy, it takes more than opening doors, turning on phones or powering up computers. Today’s businesses have to look beyond their local competition and take into consideration global competition. 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IPT Marketing Free Essays

As a consumer-focused company, It’s Popcorn Time! (IPT) will be joining the ranks of such organizations as Nike, Diageo/Guinness (a liquor distributor), AAA, and Ford Motor Company. What this means is simply that IPT will go forward with marketing strategies that are designed to serve the customers, anticipate their needs and deliver value through the distribution of a quality product. Through the use of segmenting, targeting, positioning, and differentiation, IPT will be utilizing the same strategies major corporations do and develop a plan which focuses on reaching its consumers. We will write a custom essay sample on IPT Marketing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ford Motor Company rolled out a new consumer-focused marketing strategy in 2000 to allow them to interact with their customers. In doing so, they were able to determine the consumers’ expectations for the vehicles they purchased and follow up with them afterward to ensure their needs had been met when they purchased a Ford product. Nike used marketing strategies to identify key geographical areas which promised the greatest growth for the company, then divided the areas into segments in order to effectively target the new consumer bases. The first step is determining the boundaries of IPT’s market and then segmenting it. Currently IPT, enjoys a strong local consumer base which can be divided into retail and wholesale segments. As physical expansion occurs, market segments will need to be further differentiated with the inclusion of customers throughout the United States and Canada. In addition to this geographical segmentation, using psychographic criterion will identify further segments, such as those who are health-conscious. Targeting involves deciding which of our market segments are most beneficial to IPT’s bottom line and using appropriate marketing materials to reach this customer base. For example, IPT currently sells to wholesale accounts who purchase products at a reduced price but distribute them to a wider population. Consequently, the wholesale market will remain an important aspect of reaching future sales goals. Popcorn and pretzels can target the health-conscious segment by marketing their low fat, low sugar and low caloric composition. Positioning IPT in the market will consist of developing a distinctive brand image that focuses on the quality of its offerings. By focusing on the quality, variety, and uniqueness of products in addition to IPT’s superior customer service standards, IPT will create its position in the market to more effectively target market segments and reduce the threat of competition. What makes IPT different from other food products companies? It is the ease of ordering, which will be further enhanced by the creation of a point-of-sale website, the types of products, showcased by â€Å"Pennsylvania Dutch† treats, and the delivery of service which conforms to, or exceeds, customer expectation. IPT’s products are distinctive and tasty. They are not the cheapest nor most expensive on the market due to the quality ingredients used and this will differentiate IPT from other, more mainstream companies as well as â€Å"gourmet† foods distributors. As part of targeting, positioning and differentiation the following strategies will be employed: 1) Advertising – Develop an innovative campaign for introduction of new products and the expansion of the company’s core portfolio of pretzels and popcorn through advertising in traditional media as well as creation of the website. 2) Sales promotion – to include an aggressive sales blitz with managers handing out catalogs, coupons and samples. Marketing materials will be carefully developed to target both retail and wholesale segments. 3) Public relations – IPT must be visible in the community, particularly in those geographic areas which are new markets, through the use of local newspaper advertising, sponsorships and promotional events. 4) Customer Relationship Management – CRM practices will be instituted to retain existing clients as well as create a forum for testing the introduction of new products. Works Cited â€Å"Ford Motor Company Announces Consumer-Focused Organization for the 21st Century†. Ford Motor Company Press Releases. Retrieved January 15, 2008 â€Å"Nike Promotions Create Consumer-Focused Structure† (August, 2006). Display and Design Ideas. Retrieved January 15, 2008. Schewe, Charles D. â€Å"Segmenting, Targeting, and Positioning – Cornerstones of Marketing Management†. University of Massachusetts. Retrieved January 15, 2008 How to cite IPT Marketing, Essay examples

Fahrenheit 451 The Meetings Between Montag and Cl Essay Example For Students

Fahrenheit 451: The Meetings Between Montag and Cl Essay arisseFahrenheit 451: The Meetings Between Montag and ClarisseThe novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury is about a futuristic societythat has banned books. Firemen that start fires are used to burn the books whenthey are found. One fireman, Guy Montag, remembers a time before book burningand tries to right this horrible metropolis of zombies. An important part ofthe novel Fahrenheit 451 is the meetings between Montag and Clarisse. The meetings between Montag and Clarisse begins a series of events andchanges in Montags way of thinking and lifestyle. Clarisse remarks Are youhappy? (10). Montag begins to realize that he is not happy after Clarisseasks the question and arrives in his home. Montag observes Darkness. He wasnot happy. He was not happy. He said the words to himself. He recognized thisas the true state of affairs (12). Montags awareness is triggered at thepoint in which Clarisse states But youre just a man, after all (7). Thisstatement by Clarisse makes Montag think of a time when he was a child duringpower failure, and he wishes it not to end. In Montags second meeting with Clarisse, the two of them find adandelion and Clarisse tells Montag of rubbing it under his chin. Clarisseexplains If it rubs off, it means Im in love (22). Clarisse rubs thedandelion under Montags chin and Clarisse remarks What a shame, youre not inlove with anyone (22). Montag thinks that he is in love, but realizes that heis not in love and not at all happy. In the third meeting, Montag begins to feel that he has known Clarisseforever. Montag states You make me feel very old and very much like a father (28). Clarisse remarks Now you explain why you havent any daughters likeme, if you love children so much? (28). Montag realizes that it is a longtime since anyone has cared enough to ask a good question rather than sit aroundand worry about themselves. Montag answers My wife, she . . . she just neverwanted any children at all (28). Eventually Montag realizes that he must makean effort to stop the chaos of his society by bringing books back to life anddestroying the current firemen. The meetings between Montag and Clarisse trigger an awareness and changein Montags life. Montag realizes that his life and the lives of all the othercitizens are not as great as they are worked up to be and that he is not happyat all. In the end Montag decides that he must change the way society is runonce and for all. All of this is a result of the meetings between Montag andClarisse. English

Marketing management free essay sample

Chapter 1 Defining Marketing for the 21st Century Five basic markets their connecting flows Figure 1.1 Marketing Management An Asian  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, of Perspective Structure Leong Flows in a Modern Exchange Economy Tan 4th Edition International Executive MBA PGSM Page I.01 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Figure 1.2 A Simple Marketing System  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Figure 1.3 Holistic Marketing Dimensions  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.02 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Holistic Marketing In Your own words, define Holistic Marketing? Figure 1.4 The 4 P Components of the Marketing Mix  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.03 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Asian Figure 1.5 Marketing-Mix Strategy  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Perspective 4th Edition Figure 1.6 Factors Influencing Company Asian Marketing Management An Marketing Strategy  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Perspective 4th Edition Page I.04 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Skim a Vietnamese company that you believe has been adopting market-driven research strategy. Identify those strategies. Why do you consider this company to be successful? Chapter 2 Developing Marketing Strategies Plans  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.05 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Figure 2.1 Two Views of the Value Delivery Process  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Figure 2.2 Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition The Generic Value Chain Marketing Management An Asian Perspective  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, each Study costs performance in Leong Tan activity improve it 4th Edition International Executive MBA PGSM Page I.06 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Figure 2.3 A holistic marketing network  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Figure 2.4 The Strategic Planning, Implementation Control Processes  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.07 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Figure 2.5 The strategic planning gap  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Figure 2.6 Three Intensive Growth Strategies: Ansoff’s Product-Market Expansion Grid  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.08 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Figure 2.7 The Business Unit Strategic-Planning Process Asian  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Perspective 4th Edition Figure 2.8 Opportunity and Threat Matrices  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.09 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Figure 2.8 Opportunity and Threat Matrices  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Chapter 3 GATHERING Information Scanning the Environment  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.10 MARKETING MANAGEMENT The Demographic Environment Population Age Mix †¢ Populations vary in age mix †¢ Global trend ïÆ'ËœAging population ïÆ'ËœFalling fertility rates †¢ Future Asian retiree: affluent, cosmopolitan †¢ Good market for travel, entertainment  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition The Demographic Environment Population Age Mix 6 Age Groups: 1. Preschool 2. School-age children 3. Teens 4. Young adults age 25 to 40 5. Adults age 40 to 65 6. Older adults age 65 up Most populous groups shape marketing environment  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.11 MARKETING MANAGEMENT The Demographic Environment Ethnic Other Markets †¢ Countries vary in ethnic racial makeup †¢ Ethnic groups specific wants buying habits †¢ Asia’s ethnic diversity: 20 major languages 12 major religions in 12 Asian countries  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition The Demographic Environment Educational Groups Asians desire for knowledge demand for †¢ Books, education †¢ Offshore campuses †¢ Joint degree programs †¢ Online courses  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.12 MARKETING MANAGEMENT The Demographic Environment Educational Groups 5 educational groups: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Illiterates High school dropouts High school degree holders College degree holders Professional degree holders  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition The Demographic Environment Household Patterns Traditional household †¢ Husband, wife children Non-traditional household ï‚ § Singles ï‚ § Single-parent families ï‚ § Divorcees Growing rapidly ï‚ § Distinct needs, buying habits – Eg smaller furniture, food sets ï‚ § Singles can spend Marketing Management An family  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Asian Perspective 4th Edition International Executive MBA PGSM Page I.13 MARKETING MANAGEMENT The Demographic Environment Geographical Shifts in Population †¢ Migration between/within countries – Eg 1997 Hong Kong reverted to China – Hong Kongers migrate to other countries increase demand for housing education †¢ Marketers target these new successful population members  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Other Major Macroenvironments Social-Cultural Environment Other cultural characteristics: 1. High Persistence- Core Cultural Values ï‚ § ï‚ § Hold core beliefs values that persist Easier to change secondary than core 2. Existence of Subcultures- shared values 3. Shifts of Secondary Cultural Values Over Time ï‚ § Core values cultural swings do take place  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.14 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Other Major Macroenvironments Natural Environment Marketers to take note of: 1. Shortages of raw materials 2. Increased costs of energy 3. Increased pollution levels 4. Changing role of governments protect environment  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Other Major Macroenvironments Natural Environment †¢ Nature deteriorates global concern †¢ Air water pollution dangerous levels †¢ Companies practices, protect nature †¢ Green products protect environment †¢ Change consumer attitudes role to protect environment  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.15 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Other Major Macroenvironments Technological Environment 1. Accelerating pace of change – Computers, internet reduce auto pollution 2. Unlimited opportunities for innovation – Virtual reality consumer reactions to products 3. Varying RD budgets – Content to copy products slight changes 4. Increased regulation- technological change – Public safety  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Other Major Macroenvironments Political-Legal Environment Laws, government pressure groups influence limit firms individuals Marketers must work: 1. 2. 3. 4. Within laws business practices Engage special-interest groups Exploit opportunities market reform Deal with corruption  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.16 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Other Major Macroenvironments Political-Legal Environment INCREASE IN BUSINESS LEGISLATION But marketers can get around regulations Eg: Dahongying – China bans Tobacco advertising – Yet, Dahongying sells cigarettes seen on TV, billboards in-store displays – Why? Dahongying has education business libraries with same name  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Other Major Macroenvironments Political-Legal Environment INCREASE IN BUSINESS LEGISLATION To protect: 1. Companies unfair competition 2. Consumers unfair business practices 3. Society unbridled business behavior â€Å"At what point do costs of regulation exceed the benefits?  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.17 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Other Major Macroenvironments Political-Legal Environment INCREASE IN BUSINESS LEGISLATION Protect home industries ï‚ § Eg KFC Bangalore closed overuse of MSG ï‚ § Rumors closed to protect local retailers Counter protectionistic policies, foreign firms new local brands – Eg â€Å"Made-in-Thailand† Heineken beer  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Other Major Macroenvironments Political-Legal Environment GROWTH OF SPECIAL-INTEREST GROUPS Consumerist movement strengthen rights powers of buyers ï‚ § ï‚ § Eg: true interest cost of loan Basic ingredients in product Personal data customized products privacy issues public policy issue Consumer affairs policies consumer complaints  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.18 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Other Major Macroenvironments Political-Legal Environment MARKET REFORM Consistency nation-building agenda Take time- less developed Asian countries – Vietnam’s doi moi, criticized as too slow, overregulated inefficient  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Other Major Macroenvironments Political-Legal Environment CORRUPTION Corruption Asian officials- rife Bribes paid smallest of clearances Survey Chinese most willing pay bribes Asian governments to clean up long-term economic dividends  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.19 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Chapter 4 CONDUCTING Marketing Research and Forecasting Demand  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition †¢ Know the 4 WHs and H of your market? International Executive MBA PGSM Page I.20 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Figure 4.1 The Marketing Research Process  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Marketing Research in Asia Marketing research in Asia challenging WHY? 1. Unreliable/no secondary data 2. Databases not comparable cross-nationally 3. Poor research infrastructure 4. Cultural differences in response 5. Variations in research capabilities 6. High rates of change in marketplace  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.21 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Marketing Research in Asia Solutions: 1. Sequence piloting, adapting rollout of surveys regionally 2. External validation of data sources 3. Use samples on future demographic profiles 4. Invest on research capabilities infrastructure  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Figure 4.2 The Control-Chart Model  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.22 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Figure 4.3 Financial Model of Return on Net Worth  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Figure 4.4 Ninety Types of Demand Measurement (6 Ãâ€" 5 Ãâ€" 3)  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.23 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Figure 4.5 Market Demand Functions  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Figure 4.5 Market Demand Functions  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.24 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Chapter 5 CREATING Customer Value, Satisfaction Loyalty  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Figure 5.1 Traditional Organization versus Modern Customer-Oriented Company Organization  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.25 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Figure 5.2 Determinants Of CustomerDelivered Value  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Figure 5.3 Customer-Product Profitability Analysis  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.26 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Figure 5.4 The CustomerDevelopment Process Main steps in process to attract keep customers  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Figure 5.5 Levels of Relationship Marketing Marketing Management Depends on number of customers profit margin An Asian Perspective  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan 4th Edition International Executive MBA PGSM Page I.27 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Customer Databases Database Marketing Database marketing process to build, maintain use databases to contact, transact build customer relationships  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Figure 5.6 Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Increasing Customer Share of Requirements  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.28 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Customer Databases Database Marketing Data Warehouses Datamining Data warehouse: Organized collected data Datamining: †¢ Extract information on individuals trends †¢ Statistical mathematical techniques – cluster analysis neural networking  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Customer Databases Database Marketing Data Warehouses Datamining USING THE DATABASE Database used in 5 ways: 1. Identify prospects 2. Decide customers to receive offer 3. Deepen customer loyalty 4. Reactivate customer purchases 5. Avoid serious customer mistakes  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.29 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Customer Databases Database Marketing The Downside of Database Marketing CRM 4 problems in using CRM: FIRST PROBLEM: †¢ Build maintain database †¢ Large technology investment skilled staff †¢ Difficult to collect right data †¢ Problem worse in Asia – At least 4 major differences in nature of customer relationships compared to the West  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Customer Databases Database Marketing The Downside of Database Marketing CRM 4 differences in Asia compared to the West 1. Language preference- complex but important 2. Identify by name– challenge racially diverse 3. Some jurisdictions allow 1 marriage †¢ Wealthy males 1 address intricate arrangements 4. Bias against flaunting wealth †¢ Reluctance to declare to strangers, government  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.30 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Customer Databases Database Marketing The Downside of Database Marketing CRM SECOND PROBLEM: †¢ Difficult to get all to be customer-oriented THIRD PROBLEM: †¢ Not all want relationship with company †¢ May resent company has personal information FOURTH PROBLEM: †¢ Assumptions behind CRM not always true  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Customer Databases Database Marketing The Downside of Database Marketing CRM 4 main perils of CRM: 1. Implement CRM before customer strategy 2. Roll out CRM before changing organization 3. Assume more CRM technology is better 4. Stalking, not wooing customers  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan International Executive MBA PGSM Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition Page I.31 MARKETING MANAGEMENT Customer Databases Database Marketing NhÆ °Ã¡ » £c Ä‘iá »Æ'm cá » §a cÆ ¡ sá »Å¸ dá » ¯ liá »â€¡u CRM Each company needs to determine how much to invest in building and using database marketing to conduct its customer relationships  © Kotler, Keller, Ang, Leong Tan Marketing Management An Asian Perspective 4th Edition †¢ Look at your own business, do you believe that it promotes a CRM? †¢ The advantage and the disadvantage of your business CRM? †¢ Is the CRM relevant to governmental and non profit organization? Explain?

Base Definition in Chemistry

Base Definition in Chemistry In chemistry, a base is a chemical species that donates electrons, accepts protons, or releases hydroxide (OHs of bases include alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, and soap. Key Takeaways: Base Definition A base is a substance that reacts with an acid in an acid-base reaction.The mechanism through which a base works has been argued throughout history. Generally, a base either accepts a proton, releases a hydroxide anion when dissolved in water, or donates an electron.Examples of bases include hydroxides and soap. Word Origin The word base came into use in 1717 by French chemist Louis Là ©mery. Là ©mery used the word as a synonym for Paracelsus alchemical concept of a matrix in alchemy. Paracelsus proposed natural salts grew as a result of a universal acid mixing with a matrix. While Là ©mery may have used the word base first, its modern usage is generally attributed to French chemist Guillaumes of Rouelles bases included alkalis, metals, oils, or absorbent earth. In the 18th century, salts were solid crystals, while acids were liquids. So, it made sense to early chemists that the material that neutralized the acid somehow destroyed its spirit and allowed it to take solid form. Properties of a Base A base displays several characteristic properties: Aqueous base solution or molten bases dissociate into ions and conduct electricity.Strong bases and concentrated bases are caustic. They react vigorously with acids and organic matter.Bases react in predictable ways with pH indicators. A base turns litmus paper blue, methyl orange yellow, and phenolphthalein pink. Bromothymol blue remains blue in the presence of a base.A basic solution has a pH greater than 7.Bases have a bitter flavor. (Dont taste them!) Types of Bases Bases may be categorized according to their degree of dissociation in water and reactivity. A strong base completely dissociates into its ions in water or is a compound that can remove a proton (H) from a very weak acid. Examples of strong bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH).A weak base incompletely dissociates in water. Its aqueous solution includes both the weak base and its conjugate acid.A superbase is even better at deprotonation than a strong base. These bases have very weak conjugate acids. Such bases are formed by mixing an alkali metal with its conjugate acid. A superbase cannot remain in aqueous solution because it is a stronger base than the hydroxide ion. An example of a superbase in sodium hydride (NaH). The strongest superbase is the orthos include silicon dioxide (SiO2) and NaOH mounted on alumina. Solid bases may be used in anion exchange resins or for reactions with gaseous acids. Reaction Between an Acid and a Base An acid and a base react with each other in a neutralization reaction. In neutralization, an aqueous acid and aqueous base produce an aqueous solution of salt and water. If the salt is saturated or insoluble, then it may precipitate out of the solution. While it may seem like acids and bases are opposites, some species can act as either an acid or a base. In fact, some strong acids can act as bases. Sources Jensen, William B. (2006). The origin of the term base. The Journal of Chemical Education. 83 (8): 1130. doi:10.1021/ed083p1130Johll, Matthew E. (2009). Investigating chemistry: a forensic science perspective (2nd ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman and Co. ISBN 1429209895.Whitten, Kenneth W.; Peck, Larry; Davis, Raymond E.; Lockwood, Lisa; Stanley, George G. (2009). Chemistry (9th ed.). ISBN 0-495-39163-8.Zumdahl, Steven; DeCoste, Donald (2013).  Chemical Principles  (7th ed.). Mary Finch.

How to Get Rid of Christmas Tree Insects

How to Get Rid of Christmas Tree Insects Theres nothing like the smell of an evergreen tree to get you in the holiday spirit. But when you bring a live or cut Christmas tree indoors, some of the insects that have called your Christmas tree home might be joining you for the holiday season. Heres what you need to know about Christmas tree insects. Holiday Bugs Pose a Very Small Risk   You really dont need to worry about bringing any dangerous or destructive pests inside with your Christmas tree. Your home isnt an appropriate habitat for insects that inhabit coniferous forests, and they arent going to move in for good. Lacking food and adequate humidity to survive, most Christmas tree insects die soon after moving indoors. Just keep an eye out - if you find insects, they wont bite or sting and wont travel far from the tree. Insects that Live in Christmas Trees Coniferous trees attract a variety of small insects that may be visible only in large numbers. Aphids are common pests of evergreen trees, and the warm conditions of your home may cause overwintering aphid eggs to hatch. Some conifers host adelgids, which produce cottony secretions over their bodies. Mites and scale insects also inhabit Christmas trees. Larger Christmas tree insects include bark beetles and praying mantids. Adult mantids will be long gone from the cold temperatures, but mantid egg cases can hatch when introduced to the warmth of your home. If that happens, youll have hundreds of tiny mantids wandering in search of food. Christmas trees often harbor spiders, too. Check for Insects Outside Harmless or not, you probably dont want to spend the holiday season with bugs crawling around among the presents or flying into your windows trying to escape. You can minimize the chance of Christmas tree insects wandering around your living room, though, before you get it inside. When choosing a tree, inspect it carefully. Look for signs of aphids or other small insects. Theyll likely appear as little brown or red dots. Adelgids resemble a dusting of snow. And dont forget to examine the undersides of branches. Check each branch for egg cases, which could contain praying mantises. Prune out any you find because your warm home will feel like spring and induce eggs to hatch. Brown cocoons may harbor sawflies. Look at the trunk, too - small holes with sawdust trails are a sign of bark beetles. Reject any tree that seems heavily infested with pests. Before bringing the Christmas tree in the house, shake it vigorously to dislodge insects and spiders. Remove any bird nests, as these can contain mites. If you want to be sure that you found all the bugs, putting the tree in a five-gallon bucket of water in the garage for a few days can serve your peace of mind. If you do want to go after bugs found on the tree, dust it with diatomaceous earth, which dries out any bugs it comes into contact with. Wear eye and face protection when applying, as its actually pulverized rock that you dont want in your eyes or lungs. Shake the tree to remove excess before bringing it inside. Christmas Tree Insects Indoors Whatever you do, do not spray aerosol pesticides on your Christmas tree, as these products are flammable! Insects require humidity to live, and most will desiccate and die within a matter of days. Additionally, they will be unable to survive without food. It is much safer, and better for your health, to simply vacuum up any dead insects you find.

AICPA Code of Professional Conduct Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

AICPA Code of Professional Conduct Paper - Essay Example ll as conduct of behavior expected of members of the accounting profession to ensure that the performance of their responsibilities are conducted within the ethical, moral, as well as legal laws and regulations and that which would assist in resolving ethical conflicts. These three purposes are most important because they provide the overlying frameworks which necessitated the development of the Code. For instance, for the first purpose, which emphasized the provision of guidance and rules to all members, are crucial to enable accounting practitioners to be explicitly directed on specific regulations required to behave and respond to challenging situations. The objective was clearly explained under the Conceptual Framework for Members in Public Practice which stipulated that: where members encounter challenges in terms of encountering threats in the performance of their duties with respect to their regular conduct of responsibilities with various stakeholders, the Code would assist in resolving potential conflicts in terms of discerning whether â€Å"there is a threat to the member’s compliance with the rules that is not at an acceptable level† (American Institute of CPAs, 2014, p. 25). In this situation, it was advised that the conce ptual framework approach should be consulted as a guiding principle to provide members with the needed responses. The primary purpose leads to the second most important purpose which is to understand the conceptual framework approach which would assist in the decision-making process of members. From the Code, it is deduced that the conceptual framework approach expounds on three important situations that need greater understanding: acceptable level, safeguards, and threats (American Institute of CPAs, 2014). As defined, acceptable level means â€Å"a level at which a reasonable and informed third party who is aware of the relevant information would be expected to conclude that a member’s compliance with the rules is not

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 60

Discussion - Assignment Example This is because Osama Bin Laden was its leader, and was responsible for providing it with ideological, as well as spiritual leadership. Despite his death, and the defeat of Al-Qaeda, the nation has not yet healed from this attack. This is because other terrorist organizations have emerged that target American citizens. These organizations are affiliated to Al-Qaida (Riedel, 22). This includes terrorist organizations such as Al-Shabab, operating in Somalia, and ISIS, a terror group aimed at establishing a caliphate in the Middle-East. These groups have managed to target and kill American civilians. This includes the latest beheadings of American journalists in Iraq (Otis, 3). These actions have caused great anger against these terrorist organizations, and United States is seeking to build an international coalition that can fight against these new terror organizations. Prominent Islamic leaders have disowned these groups, denoting that the use of violence against non Muslim members is against the principles of Islam. To fight these groups, there is a need of the government to use a two pronged approach. The government should use the military to prevent these groups from attacking its interests. The government should also initiate measures aimed at promoting religious tolerance amongst the leading religious groups. This is through education, and inclusive

Production vs Operation Management Essay Example for Free

Production vs Operation Management Essay Production management and operations management are management jargon that needs to be simplified for those who are sitting on the fence or those inside an organization unable to comprehend them clearly. Sometimes it becomes confusing to be talking about production management inside operations management but they are separate and distinct entities in the study of management as ultimately, production is a part of the whole cycle of operations. Read on to clarify the doubts. Operations Management The study of set of activities comprising supervision, planning and designing of business operations in the field of manufacturing of goods and services is termed as operations management. The purpose of operations management is to make certain that the operations of a business are efficient and effective and result in minimum of wastage. Operations management tries to cut down resources involved in operations while at the same time making operations more effective and productive. In fact operations management is more concerned on processes than people or products. Operations management in a nutshell is using physical resources in an optimum manner, converting input into output, so as to supply to the market the desired and finished product. Production Management Production management on the other hand focuses specifically on the production of goods and services and is concentrated upon churning output from input. It is a broad sum of activities that go into turning raw material into final, finished product. One may feel that production management is a subset of operations management, but production management in itself is a broad subject that comprises production planning and control, inventory management, and operations control. Production management includes all management activities spanning selection. Designing, operating, controlling and updating production system. In brief: Operations vs Production Management †¢ Both production management and operations management play an important role in an organization in increasing the efficiency and productivity. †¢ While operations management is focused upon administration, planning and execution of operations involved in production of goods and services and trying to minimize the resources at the same time increasing output, production management is more concerned with input/output and churning out products in the shape of desired finished product.

If I had it my way, I would tone down the zero tolerance act. It Essay

If I had it my way, I would tone down the zero tolerance act. It just punishes too harshly for some things. I think that it needs to distinguish the difference between minor problems, like playing with a toy gun, and major problems, like having drugs. Zero Tolerance The zero tolerance policies call for students to receive automatic suspensions or expulsions as punishment for certain offenses, primarily those involving weapons, threats, or drugs. I agree that safety is an important concern in schools, but sometimes the zero tolerance policy is taken too far. It is as if administrators don’t distinguish between minor and major discretions. I do believe that students who get in fights or who bring drugs into school should be punished. However, a third grader who shouts â€Å"b...

Globalization of Media

Standard Coursework Cover Sheet Section A Please complete ALL parts Module Code Module Title Course Title CW1 CW2 CW3 CW4 Module Instructor Student ID Number Section B Please read the statement, and sign the declaration Plagiarism – work presented in an assessment must be the student's own. Plagiarism is where a student copies from another source, published or unpublished (including work of a fellow student) and fails to acknowledge the influence of another's work or to attribute quotes to the author.Plagiarism in an assessment offence (see actions Section 11: Regulations of the Student Course Handbook, pp. 78-81). Student Declaration: â€Å"I declare that the work submitted is my own† Section C Tutor’s Comments The globalization of the media is endorsing and creating a global village. The media-scape is restructuring itself, forming a singular global body, as opposed a mass of multiple independents. Media globalization is a direct result of technological develop ment, maximisation of corporate media interest, the media's increasing correspondence to the public sphere, and media ownership.It is widely evident that the media is in fact becoming a global conglomerate, which is in turn endorsing the emergence of a single global village ( Jan, 2009). Mass media is a term which highlights the means of delivering impersonal communications to a vast audience. The concept of globalization corresponds to capacity of human social organizations to reach one another across separate regions and continents, whilst expanding power relations. Such allows for the growing integration of the globe as a united entity.Media globalization is a direct result of technological development, maximisation of corporate media interest, the media's increasing correspondence to the public sphere, and media ownership. The global village has evolved to become more than simply a mass media monopoly, but also an endeavour for political dominance, headed by the Untied States of America. It is widely evident that the media is in fact becoming a global conglomerate, which is in turn endorsing the emergence of a single global village ( Jan, 2005).Technological developments and electronic advancements have closed the gap between separate nations, and as a result have aided the mass media in becoming a global body. Faster and cheaper communications have proven imperative towards the developments of globalization, critical to innovation, production, growth and job creation. The 1990's called for the acceleration and rapid advancements in relation to digital transmission. As a result of these developments digital communication networks, including the Internet, are redeveloping the media-scape.It can be argued that the capabilities of technology within the field of communications and the mass media outweigh the potential and expectations of monetary focused monopolizers currently in power. Technology will allow for a more democratic media-scape which calls for pu blic involvement and wider interaction. It is this representation of technology and the public which will support the media as it directs us towards a united global village ( Leary, 2005). [pic]Competition and innovation from a technological point of view have formulated three trends which support the globalization movement.These include; `The Rise of Data' (the growth of data transmission is now beyond traditional `voice traffic'), `The Internet' (emergence of e-commerce and digital network structures), and `Wireless Networking' (affordable and increased connectivity). The Information Revolution and the progression of technology are able to impact upon globalization in such an effective manner, based on their potential to influence a diverse array of international affairs and institutions. These include security, politics, the economy, society and culture, as the roles of government policymakers are altered.Information has become more accessible, decision-making can become either c entralized or decentralized, the monopoly of information has eroded and actions to be considered from a global perspective rather than just a localised one. Although from this perspective International Relations in general are of benefit, such also has an impact on the media for comparable reasons, which then transcends to the community at large. Digital communication and the internet will become and integral aspect of the development of a global communication oligopoly.International Relations can be endorsed and supported by a global mass media, (and vice versa), which then compliments our progression towards a singular global village ( Price, 2008). The media holds a mass level of power and dominance, due to the role it plays within the public sphere, and the intense level of public interest it upholds. As a result, the globalization of the media has a direct influence upon it responders (the public), thus enhancing and developing the creation of a wider global village.Being a spe cific institution of society, it is the responsibility of the media to be informed by interests, normalities and greater values – the media is hence an integral aspect of the meaning-making processes of our global community. That is, that the media is to reflect society based on cohesion with its principles. Thus, a global village can be both formed and shaped by the media, simply as a result of its interaction with and relevance to daily routine and public life. The Media are an indissoluble part of the contexts, the messages and the relationships that create and give shape to politics and public life. † Media have an intrinsic role in the functioning of modern society. Such role is aided by the diversity and mediums of the media, which hold a specific function towards the democratic health of our society. Without the media we would not be able to communicate and interrelate with one another in any manner which compares to both our present and futuristic existence as w e know it.The concept of a global village would not only be unknown, but also unattainable ( Gozzi, 1996). The media and public domain must hence uphold a high level of mutual respect, wherein the nature of modern public life can be understood, presented and influenced. The media are the sites where the meanings of public life are generated, debated and evaluated. Hence, it only seems reasonable that as the globe unites into one village, as will the media. Influences such as technology direct this, but it is the media's interest, involvement and interaction which the public domain that shape and guide it.Prior to the establishment of the media, public interest existed, but had no real means of transmission beyond personal experience. If we compare this scenario to our mediated public life today, we can clearly see that the formation of a global village is not only probable, but in motion (Gozzi, 1996). It is evident that media monopolies have no major concern for what can be deemed as public interest. What appears to be cost effective is sufficient – the media is able to take control of and manage our inner emotions and opinions simply through what is directed towards us. Public interest is in fact dictated by the media itself.While it takes much time and money to find out the truth, the parent companies prefer to cut the necessary costs of journalism, much preferring the sort of lurid fare that can drive endless hours of agitated jabbering ( Bagdikian, 1998). Corporate interest, politics and media ownership are often interrelated. With multi-holdings in the hands of media giants such as Rupert Murdoch, politics and media content can be a highly controversial subject. Favoured audiences can be supplied with mixed messages filled with bias. If a media owner dislikes a political power, it is well within his capabilities to ensure that such party is not elected.It is in this scenario where the media literally has such a power and control over Government bo dies, that distorted messages and corporate bias can twist the truth and subject the public. This can be identified as corruptive journalism and sensationalism. It is the fatal ignorance of a blind public which allows and follows such behaviour ( Bagdikian, 1998). The concern that contemporary politics relies too much on `individuals' and `events' stems from the representational powers of television and its communicative contexts.Television is extraordinary adept at capturing and conveying the nuances of personalities and the physical particularities of action. It is argued that such aptitude occurs at the expense of the reportage of more complex issues and policy, which do not lend themselves to easy and dramatic representation ( Bagdikian, 1998). It can be argued that media ownership simply defends popular culture and public interest, but as A. Ashbolt claims, it is very hard to distinguish between tastes and choice if the public is dictated to and shaped by American saturation.Wh en we are given no option, and no other leads to follow, obedience to media's dominance is inevitable. Hegemony, standardization and the evolution of a global village are a result of the globalization of media, based on the lack of diversity evident within media ownership, the neglect of true public interest and the media's political power to intervene over government ( Bagdikian, 1998). The rise of Trans-National Corporations (TNC's) and the labelling of The United States of America as an `Empire' have both contributed to the globalization of the media leading towards a uniformed global village.Hegemony and standardization across the media-scape is arguably a result of these progressing yet dominating factors. TNC's have been established on the basis of countries having the power and capabilities to communicate and interrelate with one another, thus allowing for standardization and influence. Commercial media has similarly moved abroad, establishing across-nation empires which acqu ire significant holdings across all mediums. However, Hollywood Studios and the United States of America are still the dominant party, even purchasing smaller bodies to guarantee ultimate control.This amplifies the capabilities and intentions of the American empire, not only via the media, but in general political and global terms also. Noam Chomsky argues that for more than half a century the United States of America has been pursuing a `grand imperial strategy' with the aim of staking out the entire globe. Evidence suggests that such task is willing to be followed until the assumed `verge of extinction'. This provides evidence that the globalization of the media is in all certainty creating a global village, which can arguably be labelled as having America as a dominating force.The media orientated global community is dictated beyond simple forces of mass media, but stretches to include corporate TNC's and political strategy ( Denis, 1996). The global entity that is the mass media has created a singular global village. Media globalization is stimulated by technological development, maximisation of corporate media interest, the media's increasing correspondence to the public sphere, and media ownership. The global village has evolved to become more than simply a mass media monopoly, but also an endeavour for political dominance, headed by theUntied States of America. Standardization, condensation and hegemony across nations are the implications that will eventuate from this. It is widely evident that the media is in fact becoming a global conglomerate, which is in turn endorsing the emergence of a single global village. REFERENCES 1. Begdikian, B. (1998). The new media monopoly. Retrieved: April 28, 2010, from: httpmediaresearch. org 2. Denis, E. ( 1996). Media and globalization. Retrieved: April 25, 2010, from: httpwww. corpwatch. org 3. Gozzi, R. (1996). Will the media create a global village?Retrieved: April 26, 2010, from: httpwww. questia. com 4. Jan, M. (2009). Globalization of media issues and dimensions. Retrieved: April 25, 2010, from: httpwww. eurojournals. com 5. Leary, C. (2005). Globalization of media. Retrieved: April 26,2010, from: httpwww. associated. com 6. Price, M. (2008). The global information revolution. Retrieved: April 29, 2010, from: httpideas. repec. org ———————– MEDIA CULTURE AND SOCIETY E101 MEDIA CULTURE AND SOCIETY JENNY PALLA PSY7317 1st Marker 2nd Marker Agreed Mark

The Dishonesty of Honest People

Focus on two mechanisms that people employ to maintain their positive self-concept: digitization and attention to standards. 2. Overview of Theory and Hypothesis Theory†. The theory of self-concept maintenance suggests that people typically act dishonestly and achieve external benefits from said acts, but only to the extent that their behavior stills allows them to maintain a positive view of themselves in terms of being honest. Hypothesis: The stuffs main hypothesis stems from the theory of self- concept maintenance (explained above). People facing this motivational dilemma – gaining from cheating vs.. Maintaining a positive self-concept as honest individuals – tend to solve it adaptively by finding a balance between he two motivating forces. They do so in order to acquire some financial benefit from behaving dishonestly while still maintaining their positive self- concept. 1 . The band of acceptable dishonesty is limited by internal reward considerations. 2. The size of this band depends on one's ability to categorize actions as something other than dishonest, as well as the attention that they pay to their standards for honesty at the time of the dishonest act.Although there may be many ways to find such a compromise, the study focuses on two particular means; categorization and attention to standards. Categorization: The study explains, ‘When this mechanism is activated, people can categorize their actions in more compatible terms, find rationalizations for their actions, and ultimately avoid triggering any negative self-signals that might affect their self-concept, which will therefore not get updated†. Two important aspects of categorization are its relative ease and its limit. The exact ease/difficult of an act is typically defined by its context.The study uses the following example – â€Å"Intuition suggests that it is easier to steal a OIC pencil from a friend than to teal OIC out of this friend's wallet to buy a pencil, because the former scenario offers more possibilities to categorize the action in terms that are compatible with friendship (he took a pencil from me once; this is what friends do). † It also suggests that one's ability to categorize acts has a limit beyond which people can no longer deny their obvious wrongdoings. The study seeks to define said threshold.Attention to Standards: When people are mindful Of their own moral standards any dishonest action is more likely to be reflected in their self- concept (they will update their self-concept as a consequence of their actions), which in turn will cause them to adhere to a stricter definition of an honest and a dishonest act. However, when individuals are not mindful of their own moral standards their actions are not measured relative to them, and therefore their self-concept is less likely to be updated, and their behavior is likely to diverge from their standards.Thus, the attention to standards mechanism predicts that in cases in which ones moral standards are more accessible, people will have to confront the meaning of their actions more readily and therefore be more honest. SUMMARY PHI: Dishonesty will increase as individuals pay less attention to their own standards for honesty. PH: Dishonesty will increase when individuals face situations that are more easily categorized in honesty-compatible terms. PH: Given the opportunity to be dishonest, individuals will be dishonest up to a level that does not force them to update their self-concept. . Overview of Methodology Experiment 1: Moral Reminder Two hundred twenty-nine students participated in this experiment, which consisted of a two-task paradigm as part of a broader experimental session with multiple, unrelated paper-and-pencil tasks that appeared together in a toilet. 1 . In the first task, respondents were asked to either write down the names of 10 books they had read in high school (no moral reminder) or the Ten Commandments (moral remind er). They had two minutes to complete this task. . In the second task each student received two sheets of paper: a test sheet and an answer sheet. The test sheet consisted of 20 matrices. Participants had four minutes in which to find two numbers per matrix that added up to 10. Experiment 2: Honor Code Two hundred seven students participated in this experiment. Two factors between participants were manipulated: the amount earned per correctly loved matrix (ICC and $2) and the attention to standards (control, recycle, recycle+honor code). 1.The control and recycle conditions were identical to those in the previous experiment, except this time, the experimenter paid each participant, and the task lasted five minutes. 2. The recycle+honor code condition was similar to the recycle condition except that respondents were asked to sign a statement appearing at the top of the test sheet that read: â€Å"l understand that this short survey falls under Mitt's [Yale's] honor system†; be low the statement, participants printed and signed their names.Thus, the nor code statement appeared on the same sheet as the matrices, and this sheet was recycled before participants submitted their answer sheets. Experiment 3: Token Exchange Four hundred fifty students participated in this experiment. Participants had five minutes to complete this task and were promised SOC for each correctly solved matrix. Three be;en-subjects conditions were used: the control and recycle conditions that we used in Experiment 2, and a recycle+token condition.The latter condition was similar to the recycle condition, except that participants knew that each correctly solved matrix would earn them 1 ken, which they would exchange for ICC a few seconds later. When the five minutes ended, participants in the recycle+token condition recycled their test sheet and submitted only their answer sheet to an experimenter, who gave them the corresponding number of tokens. Participants then went to a second exp erimenter, who exchanged the tokens for money (this experimenter also paid the participants in the control and recycle conditions).Experiment 4: Four-Task Paradigm Forty-four students participated in this experiment, which consisted of a four- task paradigm-?a matrix task, a personality test, a prediction task, and a second matrix task. 1 . Matrix 1: The same control and recycle conditions Of the matrix task from Experiment 2 were repeated. Participants randomly assigned to either of these two conditions had five minutes to complete the task and received SOC per correctly solved matrix.The only difference from Experiment 2 was that all participants (notes those in the recycle condition) were asked to report how many matrices they had solved correctly. Participants in the control condition submitted both the test and the answer sheets to the experimenter, who verified their answers. Those in the recycle notation recycle their test and just handed in their answers. 2. Personality Test : 10-item tests were handed out, and embedded in these tests was two questions related to self-definition as it relates to honesty.One question asked how honest a person they considered themselves to be on a scale from O (not at all) to 100 (very). The other question asked participants how they thought of themselves at the time of the survey in contrast to the day before in terms of being a moral person on a scale from -5 (much worse) to 5 (much better). 3. Prediction Task: Participants would next participate in a second vive-minute matrix task. Before taking part in it their task was to predict how many matrices they would be able to solve and indicate how confident they were with their predictions on a scale from 0 (not at all) to 100 (very).Before making these predictions, it was made clear to participants that the next matrix task left no room to over-claim as the experimenter would check the results. Furthermore, participants were informed that this second test would consist of a different set of matrices, and the payment would depend on both the accuracy of their prediction and their performance. If their prediction was 00% accurate, they would earn ICC per correctly solved matrix, but for each matrix they solved more or less than what they predicted, their payment per matrix would be reduced by C.The experimenter emphasized that this payment scheme meant that it was in their best interests to be as accurate as possible in their predictions and to solve as many matrices as they could. 4. Matrix 2: The final task was the matrix task (as in the control condition) with a different set of numbers. The entire experiment thus represented a two- condition, between-subjects design, differing only in the first matrix task possibility to cheat).The three remaining tasks (a personality test, a prediction task, and a second matrix task) were the same for all participants. Experiment 5 One hundred eight students participated in this experiment. Two factors were manip ulated between participants: the ability to cheat (control and recycle, as in Experiments 2 and 3) and beliefs about the number of matrices that the average student solves in the time allotted (four matrices, which is the accurate number, or eight matrices which was an exaggeration).As before, the DVD was the number of matrices reported solved. Experiment 6 This experiment entailed multiple, small sessions, in which each participant sat in a private booth (total of 326 participants). The first part of the procedure remained the same for all four conditions, but the second part varied. All participants received a test with 50 multiple-choice, general knowledge questions, had 15 minutes to answer the questions, and were promised OIC for each question they solve correctly.After the 15 minutes, participants received a â€Å"bubble sheet' onto which to transfer their answers. The manipulation of the four conditions pertained to the type of bubble sheet ND to what participants had to do with it after transferring their answers. 1 Control: Participants received a standard bubble sheet. When they finished transferring their answers, they handed both the test and the bubble sheet to the experimenter who checked their answers, summed the number of correct answers, and paid them. 2.No-recycle (first cheating condition): The bubble sheet had the correct answers pre-marked, which prompted a dilemma for participants when they faced a question they had answered incorrectly on their test sheet; they could be honest and mark the corresponding incorrect ricer on the bubble sheet or be dishonest and mark the correct circle. After participants finished transferring their answers, they summed up the number of their correct answers, wrote that number at the top of the bubble sheet, and handed both the test and the bubble sheet to the experimenter, who paid them according to their self-summed score.In this condition, subjects could cheat with some risk that the experimenter might d iscover it if she compared the test to the bubble sheet. 3. Recycle (second cheating condition): This condition was similar to the no-recycle condition, with the preference that participants were instructed, after transferring their answers to the pre-marked bubble sheet, to walk to a shredder, shred their original test sheet, and take only the bubble sheet to the experimenter, at which point they would be paid accordingly. Because of the shredding, this condition offered a lower probability of being caught cheating. 4.Recycle+ (third cheating condition): This condition decreased the probability of being caught even further by instructing participants to shred both their test sheet and the bubble sheet, walk over to a large jar with money at the corner of the room, ND take the amount they earned. In addition, by making the payment â€Å"self; service†, the recycle+ condition eliminated any interactions with the experimenter, thereby decreasing social concerns with cheating. 4 . Main Findings 1. Given the opportunity, people will engage in dishonest behaviors. 2. Increasing attention to internal honesty standards decreases the tendency for dishonesty. . Allowing more flexible categorization increases the tendency for dishonesty. 4. The magnitude of dishonesty is largely insensitive to either the expected external benefits or costs associated with dishonest acts. 5. People know that their actions are dishonest but do not update their self- concepts. 5. Application Economics: â€Å"The theory we propose can in principle be incorporated into economic models. Some formalization related to our theory appears in recent economic theories of utility minimization based on models of self-signaling (Abdomen and Propel 2001 ) and identity (Bnabob and Triple 2004, 2006).These recent approaches convey a slowly spreading conviction among economists that to study moral and social norms, altruism, reciprocity, or antisocial behavior, we must understand the underlying psy chological titivation that vary endogenously with the environment. These models can be adopted to account for self-concept maintenance by incorporating categorization and attention: increasing attention to personal standards for honesty (meta-utility function and salience parameter s 1, respectively) and flexibility for categorization (interpretation function and probability 1-0, respectively).The data presented herein offer further guidance on the development of such models. In our minds, the interplay between these formal models and the empirical evidence we provide represents a fruitful and promising research direction. Psychology: â€Å"Some insights regarding the functional from in which the external and internal rewards work together emerge from the data, and these findings also could provide useful paths for further investigations in both economics and psychology. For example, the results in Experiment 6 showed that increasing the level of external costs (probability of bein g caught) did not decrease the level of dishonesty.This finding raises the possibility of a relationship that appears like a step function in which dishonesty up to a certain level is trivial, but beyond that threshold, it takes on a more serious, ND costly, meaning. † 6. Limitations of Research 1 . Arguably, at some point at which the external rewards become very high, they should tempt the person sufficiently to prevail (because the reward is much larger than the internal costs), such that ultimately behavior would be largely influenced by external rewards. 2.Another important applied speculation involves the medium experiment. As society moves away from cash, and electronic exchanges become more prevalent, mediums are rapidly increasing in the economy. Again, if we take the results at face value, we should pay particular attention to dishonesty in hose new mediums (e. G. , backdating stocks), because they provide opportunities for under-the-radar dishonesty. Another interes ting observation is that the medium experiment did not only allow people to cheat more, but it also increased the level of maximal cheating.In the medium experiment we observed 24 participants who cheated maximally, which indicated that the tokens not only allowed people to elevate their acceptable magnitude of dishonesty but also liberated some participants from the shackles of their morality altogether. â€Å"When we consider the applied implications of these results, we must emphasize that our findings stem from experiments not with criminals but with students at elite universities, people who likely will play important roles in the advancement of this country and who seem a lot like us and others we know.The prevalence of dishonesty among these people and the finding that on an individual level, the magnitude of dishonesty was typically somewhat honest rather than completely dishonest suggests that we have tapped into what common, everyday behavior is about. As Gladstone and Ch in (1993) conclude, people seem to be moral relativists in their everyday lives.

Idealism & Realism essays

Idealism & Realism essays In 1651, Thomas Hobbes wrote Leviathan, thus introducing the backbone of realist view in politics. Hobbes believed that humans posses a desire to dominate, and this urge is the base for our political interactions. I agree with Hobbes in this animus dominandi as the driving factor behind mans political thought. Although I agree greatly with Hobbes, I would still classify myself as an idealist. I believe that through idealist actions it is possible to attain greater power than through the heavy-handed ways of realism. A realist belief is that the very nature of politics is increasing power, keeping power, or demonstrating power. Because of this emphasis on power, realists wish to limit power of groups like the U.N. Force or a threat of force is used as the means of dominating others in this forum. Realism depends on competition among sovereign states, thus creating conflict. This conflict would then be resolved with the nation-states as primary actors. Realists oppose a world federal government, because it would eliminate the competitive nature of politics. War results naturally from realist views. Safeguarding national interest is essential to keeping power, and is believed to be policy makers foremost concern. Realists would argue that power is the universal ideal that transcends national allegiances and boundaries. A realist would believe that a display of force would be more effective than economic sanctions. Realists key belief is that those with the power should play the most important ro le in decision making. These views seem to be in sharp contrast to the more peaceful idealist beliefs. Idealists support organizations like the U.N. to promote peace. Force can be accepted as a last resort in international relations. Cooperation between nations drives idealism. Idealists believe that organizations like the U.N. should step in as the primary actors to resolve problems. A world government woul...

Benefits Of A Public Health System Essay

Benefits Of A Public Health System Essay One year ago, I was given a life changing opportunity to intern at San Ignacio Community Hospital in San Ignacio, Belize. Each day brought something new: a man limping towards the emergency room with a deep shin laceration after a machete fight, mothers and their children waiting to be evaluated by a pediatrician for the first time, and numerous teen women who would soon be in delivery with no previous prenatal care. Patients traveled miles by foot, bike, or taxi to be seen at the hospital every day and we worked until all were cared for. Consequently, I witnessed how a public health system functions in a rural, considerably underserved community. Throughout my time in San Ignacio, I worked with a variety of health care professionals from different backgrounds while researching the country’s greatest health challenges. At a population of slightly over 300,000, and almost half living in poverty, Belize does not yet have the economics to provide the level of health care that is accessible just a three and a half hour plane ride north. However, while working with patients affected by Belize’s most common diseases, I learned that many of the conditions could be avoided with preventive measures such as annual screenings, vaccinations, health education, and access to primary care. While my team and I regularly brainstormed constructive ideas, we were with limited resources and time. Therefore, my desire to study the country’s public health system grew, and the want to return and improve the patients’ quality of life was instilled in me. Although my interest in public health significantly increased during my time abroad, it began long before interning in San Ignacio and has continued to grow since my return. As an undergraduate ear. .ation curriculums will train me to evaluate underserved populations along with complex global health issues and provide solutions to such issues through program design, policy development, and interventions to progress health care. Additionally, the concentration’s international practice experience will prepare me to work proficiently in invigorating circumstances and apply what I learn directly to the field. As a St. Louis native, I would thoroughly enjoy furthering my education in my hometown. It would be an honor to do so at such a renowned institution well known for its research, affiliation with distinguished health organizations, and contribution to global health. Receiving my master of public health at St. Louis University will undoubtedly lead me to a rewarding and purposeful career that will not only improve my own life, but more importantly, someone else’s.

Gender Portrayal in the Film Bad Guy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Gender Portrayal in the Film Bad Guy - Essay Example It starts by a guy (Han-Ki) spotting a young lady (Sun-Hwa) sited on a bench across the street and decides to sit beside her. His constant glare towards her makes her uncomfortable and she sees it as rude. She moves away from her and runs to greet her boyfriend. The man grabs her and forcefully kisses her, the witnessing soldiers intervene beats up this guy. She demands an apology, but the guy remains adamant. It leads to her spitting on him, introducing the hidden desire for obsession and vengeance in motion. It is revealed later that the impetuous, quiet gangster is a pimp. Later, the young girl in the street is implicated in a cash theft which lands her in a brothel. It would be unwise to assume that the theme of Bad Guy is about revenge; the plot revolves around the escapades between captor and captive and the director Kim seems not to be arriving at a particular theme. The beguilingly and controversial climax of the film leaves viewers with hard questions to ponder. Therefore, Bad Guy can be termed as an enigmatic piece of work displaying the common issues affecting the society inclusive of race and gender themes. Kim Ki-duk is known as one of the prolific directors in Korea. He is majorly recognized as a remarkable movie producer outside Korea with his movies receiving a number of international awards. For example, the film Samaritan Girl (2004) has gotten him a prestigious international award for best director in the Silver Bear awards. It is fascinating that despite Kim Ki-duk’s international identification as a leading movie director in Korea, back in South Korea his reputation is mixed with many controversies. He has many discontented detractors and a small flock of enthusiastic supporters. He is well reckoned for his unreserved and painterly images.